Modeling Noise in Gas Cascade Secondary Electron Amplifiers

Secondary electron cascade in attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy from metals

Synopsis In a recent attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy experiment from a metal surface [A. L. Cavalieri et al. Nature (London) 449, 1029 (2007)] a tail of unexplained low-energy electrons was measured. These electrons are shown to be due to electron-electron scatterings as the photoelectrons leave the metal. We develop a model for single scattering and a model based on cascade theory to des...

Charge transformer to enhance noise performance of single-electron transistor amplifiers in high-capacitance applications

Following the discovery of Coulomb blockade phenomena arising from discreteness of charge and the advances in nanofabrication techniques, we have been able to make new kinds of devices that enable us to control and measure the motion of a single electron. One of the most exciting examples of such a device is a single electron transistor ~SET! which is an extremely precise solid-state electromet...

Phase Noise in Microwave Oscillators and Amplifiers

Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Phase Noise in Microwave Oscillators and Amplifiers Thesis directed by Professor Zoya Popovi´c This thesis presents analysis and measurements of phase noise in oscilla-tors and amplifie...

Superconducting cascade electron refrigerator

Raman-noise induced noise-figure limit for χ parametric amplifiers

The non-zero response time of the Kerr (χ) nonlinearity determines the quantum-limited noise figure of χ parametric amplifiers. This non-zero response time of the nonlinearity requires coupling of the parametric amplification process to a molecular-vibration phonon bath, causing the addition of excess noise through Raman gain or loss at temperatures above 0K. The effect of this excess noise on ...